Effects of Signaling Activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 on the Differentiation and Infiltration of Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To determine whether the signaling activation of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2)can induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSC)to secret transforming growth factor β(TGF-β),further enhancing the differentiation and infiltration of regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg)into tumor tissue. Methods The BMP2-induced mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β in MDSC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.The effect of BMP2-induced TGF-β secretion by MDSC on Treg differentiation was then determined by flow cytometry.Finally,we implanted the recombined human bone morphogenetic protein 2(rhBMP2)collagen gels into tumor-burdened mice to examine the role of BMP2 in Treg differentiation via MDSC-secreted TGF-β

Difference Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Different Varieties of Puerariae Flos by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the chemical constituents of Puerariae Flos from three different varieties of <italic>Pueraria montana</italic> var. <italic>lobata</italic>， <italic>P. montana</italic> var. <italic>thomsonii</italic> and <italic>P</italic>. <italic>montana</italic> var<italic>. montana</italic>. Method:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-20 min， 10%-30%B； 20-30 min， 30%-55%B； 30-35 min， 55%-95%B； 35-37 min， 95%B； 37-40 min， 95%-10%B）， the flow rate was 0.25 mL·min^-1. Electrospray ionization （ESI） was used to scan and collect MS data in positive and negative ion modes with scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 50-1 500. The chemical components from different sources of Puerariae Flos were identified in combination with the chemical composition database and literature information. After the obtained data were normalized by MarkerView^TM 1.2.1， they were imported into SICMA-P 14.1 software for principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） to select the main differentiated components among the three different varieties. Result:A total of 35 compounds were identified from three different varieties of Puerariae Flos， including 22 isoflavones， 6 flavonoids and 7 saponins. The flowers of <italic>P</italic>. <italic>lobata</italic>， <italic>P. montana</italic> var. <italic>thomsonii</italic> and <italic>P</italic>. <italic>montana</italic> var<italic>. montana</italic> contained 32， 35， 33 compounds， respectively. And 18 differential compounds were screened under the positive and negative ion modes， including kakkalide， tectoridin， 6″-<italic>O</italic>-xylosyl-tectoridin， 4'-methyltectorigenin-7-glucoside， glycitin， 6″-<italic>O</italic>-xylosyl-glycitin， irisolidone， kaikasaponin Ⅲ， 6″-<italic>O</italic>-malonylglycitin， kakkalidone， tectorigenin， rutin， soyasaponin BB， vitexin， biochanin A， genistin， kakkatin， azukisaponin Ⅱ. Conclusion:This research is the first to systematically study the chemical constituents of the flower of <italic>P</italic>. <italic>montana</italic> var<italic>. montana</italic>， although the flower of <italic>P</italic>. <italic>montana</italic> var<italic>. montana</italic> is used as adulterants， it has high contents of tectoridin and 6″-<italic>O</italic>-xylosyl-tectoridin， which has great potential for development. The efficacy components such as kakkalide and tectoridin in Puerariae Flos from the three sources of varieties are obviously different， and it is necessary to carefully consider the application of these three varieties as Puerariae Flos.

Radiational dose detection for natural uranium container port / 上海预防医学

Objective To determine the level of radiation dose in port workplace for loading and unloading natural uranium ore containers, and to provide a basis for occupational health management of the operators. Methods Workplace investigation was conducted to understand the loading and unloading process of natural uranium ore containers, operation time and frequency, etc. A radiation dose rate meter was used to detect the radiation dose rate at 5 cm from the outer surface of 168 natural uranium ore containers. At the same time, we selected one container and detected the level of dose rate at 5-200 cm away from each side surface of the 5 container surfaces except for the bottom side. Results The dose rate level at 5 cm at outer surface of 168 containers ranged from 27 μSv/h to 44 μSv/h, and the average dose rate level was 35.6 μSv/h. The average dose rate levels at 5, 30, 50, 100 and 200 cm were 21.3, 14.6, 11.3, 7.1 and 3.5 μSv/h, respectively. In normal operation, the personal exposure dose of port worker were estimated to be less than 580 μSv/a. Conclusion In normal operation, the dose rate level at any workplace on the outer surface of natural uranium ore container is far below the national standard limit.

Pueraria lobate advances in molecular pharmacognosy / 中国中药杂志

Molecular pharmacognosy is a science of classification and identification, cultivation and protection, and production of active ingredients of graduated drugs at the molecular level. The proposal of molecular pharmacognosy allows the research of crude drugs to advance from the microscopic level to the genetic level. Pueraria lobata root, as a medicinal and edible plant, has high application value and economic value. There are many varieties that are easy to cause confusion, and it is not easy to distinguish and identify according to traditional identification methods. Moreover, the research of P. lobate root at the genetic level is still relatively shallow. the study received extensive attention of scholars. This article reviews recent research on molecular identification of P. lobate, transcriptome sequencing, cloning and synthesis of functional genes of P. lobate root in recent years in order to provide references for further promoting the development and utilization of P. lobate root and its active ingredients.

Correlation between color and content of eight components of Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest time / 中国中药杂志

This research is to establish an HPLC method for determination of geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, p-trans-coumaroylgenipin gentiobioside, chlorogenic acid, crocin-Ⅰ, crocin-Ⅱ and crocin-Ⅲ in Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest time. The detection wavelength was 238, 320 and 440 nm. Principal component analysis(PCA), correlation analysis, regression analysis and partial least squares(PLS) analysis were used to explore the relationship of color and content of eight components in Gardeniae Fructus. The result showed that the trend of the eight components in Gardeniae Fructus at harvest time in different three years was varied similarly. According to the variation of eight components at different harvest time, the mature and immaturate Gardeniae Fructus were discriminated. The content of crocin-Ⅰwas correlated positively with a~* of color significance. The redder color of Gardeniae Fructus showed the higher value of a~* and content of crocin-Ⅰ, indicating the better quality of Gardeniae Fructus. This method provided reference for justifying the color and quality of Gardeniae Fructus and scientific evidence for "assessing quality by distinguishing color".

Metabolic abnormalities associated with ketamine-associated bladder toxicity based on metabolomics / 药学学报

The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic changes and possible toxic mechanisms of ketamine-associated bladder toxicity. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into a control group, a low-dose group and a high-dose group. The behavior of these rats was observed every day. In addition, the weight, 2 h urinary frequency and organ coefficient of the bladder were measured. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal Experiment Center of Southwest Medical University (No. 201901-98). After 12 weeks of administration, the frequency of 2 h urination and the bladder mass index were significantly different in the low-dose and high-dose groups compared with the control group. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Bladder HE staining showed that long-term administration of ketamine could induce cystitis. The concentrations of the three common differential metabolites, including 3-aminoisobutyric acid, citric acid and uric acid in the low-dose and the high-dose groups were increased compared with those in the control group. This study indicates that 3-aminoisobutyric acid, citric acid and uric acid and their related metabolic pathways may be closely related to ketamine-associated bladder toxicity.

Plate fixation via extended Carlson approach for tibial plateau fracture with combined posterolateral and anterolateral fragments / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of extended Carlson approach to plate fixation of tibial plateau fracture with combined posterolateral and anterolateral fragments.Methods:A retrospective case series study was made on 16 patients with tibial plateau fracture with combined posterolateral and anterolateral fragments admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2015 to September 2019. There were 10 males and 6 females, with age of (35.2±4.3)years (range, 22-59 years). According to the Schatzker fracture classification, type II was found in 10 patients, type III in 4, type V in 1 and type VI in 1. Two-column fractures were found in 14 patients and three-column fracture in 2 patients. All patients were treated by plate fixation through the extended Carlson approach. The anterior-posterior X-ray and 3D reconstruction CT scan test were taken at every 3 months after operation to assess fracture healing and posterior tilt angle of lateral tibial plateau. The Rasmussen knee function score was performed 12 months after operation. Complications were detected as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 13-38 months [(18.3±4.6)months]. All patients showed bone healing. At postoperative 12 months, the posterior tilt angle of lateral tibial plateau was reduced to (11.5±4.7)°, compared to preoperative (28.9±3.2)° ( P<0.05). At postoperative 12 months, the Rasmussen score was (25.8±1.1)points compared with preoperative (13.1±3.8)points ( P<0.05), and the results were excellent in 9 patients (56%), good in 6 (37%), and fair in 1 (6%), with the excellent-good rate of 94%. No complications were observed, such as skin necrosis, surgical site infection, internal fixator exposure or osteomyelitis. Conclusion:For tibial plateau fracture with combined posterolateral and anterolateral fragments, plate fixation via the extended Carlson approach is effective to reduce and fix the fracture, decrease the posterior tilt angle of lateral tibial plateau and improve the recovery of postoperative knee function, with no neurovascular injury complications.

Protective Effect of Different Medicinal Parts of Nandina domestica on Arsenic Trioxide Hepatotoxicity and Hephrotoxicity / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To compare the effect of different medicinal parts of Nandina domestica in reducing toxicity of anti-tumor drug arsenic trioxide, so as to provide the scientific basis for its further development and application. Method::Chronic arsenic trioxide poisoning model was used in this paper. Totally 56 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group (arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1), sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate group (sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate 25 mg·kg-1+ arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1), Nandinae Radix group (Nandinae Radix 20 g·kg-1+ arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1), Nandinae Caulis group (Nandinae Caulis 20 mg·kg-1+ arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1), Nandinae Folium group (Nandinae Folium 20 g·kg-1+ arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1), and Nandinae Fructus group (Nandinae Fructus 20 g·kg-1+ arsenolite 40 mg·kg-1). The intragastric administration lasted for 10 days. After the last administration, urine was collected within 24 hours, serum, kidney and liver tissue samples were collected after operation, and serum creatinine (SCr) and urine creatinine (UCr) levels were measured, in order to calculate endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCr). At the same time, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver and kidney of rats in each group were detected. Some kidneys and livers were fixed with formaldehyde, and the histopathological changes were observed under microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Result::Compared with the model group, the rats in combination group of Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Fructus have a heavier body mass (P<0.01), the kidney coefficient was lower (P<0.01), the levels of UCr and CCr were significantly increased (P<0.01), the content of MDA in renal tissue was decreased significantly (P < 0.01), the level of MDA in liver tissue was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the activities of SOD and CAT were significantly increased (P<0.01), the pathological damage of liver and kidney was alleviated. There was no significant difference in the activity of SOD in the liver between the Nandinae Folium combination group and the model group, but the changes of the other indexes were consistent with those of the above three groups. Conclusion::Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Fructus have significant protective effects on liver and kidney toxicity induced by arsenic trioxide oxidative stress, and Nandinae Folium was the least effective among them.

Histomorphological Identification of Nandina domestica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Histomorphological study of the Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Folium, Nandinae Fructus were conducted to provide the basis for the identification of its authenticity and falsehood. Method::The origin and macroscopic identification were used to describe the plant morphology and the appearance characteristics of all medicinal parts. The microscopic characteristics of the medicinal parts, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, were observed and photographed by paraffin section and powder preparation techniques. Result::It was found that the morphological characteristics of the original plant were consistent with the descriptions in herbaceous books. There was no pith on the cross-section of roots. In the transverse section of stems, there were intermittent circular fiber bundles in the cortex and a cap-shaped fibrous bundle in the inner part of the xylem. In the transverse section of the leaves, the palisade tissue was wider and the fiber bundles around the main vascular bundles formed a ring. In the transverse section of petiole, the fiber bundles were arranged intermittently into rings. In the transverse section of fruit, multi-layered sclereids formed a ring in the mesocarp. The powder characteristics of root and stem mainly contained crystalliferous sclereids. There were crystal sheath fibers and stomatal infinitive in the leaf powder, and pollen grains in the flower powder, with 3-hole grooves, obvious reticulate engraving pattern in the outer wall and more reticulate cells. There were a large number of branched sclereids and calcium oxalate square crystals in the fruit powder. Conclusion::The above-mentioned morphological and microscopic features have identification significance, and provide scientific basis for the authenticity identification, the quality standard and the utilization of resources of Nandina domestica.

Spectrum-effect Relationship of Choleretic Effect of Gardeniae Fructus Extract Based on Principal Component Analysis and Gray Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effective substance of the choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus，and analyze the relationships between its choleretic effect and the HPLC fingerprint chromatogram. Method:HPLC method was applied to establish the fingerprint chromatography of 8 batches of Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest periods. The flow，the content of bile acid，bilirubin and cholesterol in bile were tested，and then the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the total choleretic effects of Gardeniae Fructus. After the relationships between the relative peak area of the common peaks and the choleretic effects were explored using grey relationship analysis method，the spectrum-effect relationship of Gardeniae Fructus was established. Result:The order of the contribution of the chemical components to the choleretic effect at the common peaks was as follow（r>0.8）：P9>P14>P26>P4>P30>P6>P1>P10>P5>P24. Among all peaks，the full wavelength scanning results implied that the peaks 9，14 and 4 might be iridoids, and the peaks 26，30 and 24 might be crocins. By comparing with the standard substances，the peak 9 was finally identified as geniposide. Conclusion:The choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus may be the results of multiple components and pathways，and the main components in Gardeniae Fructus with the choleretic effect was from geniposide. In conclusion，these results provide a reference for investigating the material basis of choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus.

Effect of Xinling Wan in treatment of stable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel-controlled, multicenter trial / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Xinling Wan on patients with stable angina pectoris, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 232 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into experiment group and placebo group. The experiment group was treated with Xinling Wan (two pills each time, three times daily) for 4 weeks, and the placebo group was treated with placebo. The effectiveness evaluation showed that Xinling Wan could significantly increase the total duration of treadmill exercise among patients with stable angina pectoris. FAS analysis showed that the difference value of the total exercise duration was between experiment group (72.11±139.32) s and placebo group (31.25±108.32) s. Xinling Wan could remarkably increase the total effective rate of angina pectoris symptom score, and the analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.95% in experiment group and 42.61% in placebo group. The reduction of nitroglycerin dose was (2.45±2.41) tablets in experiment group and (0.50±2.24) tablets in placebo group on the basis of FAS analysis. The decrease of symptom integral was (4.68±3.49) in experiment group and (3.19±3.31) in placebo group based on FAS analysis. Besides, Xinling Wan could decrease the weekly attack time and the duration of angina pectoris. PPS analysis results were similar to those of FAS analysis. In conclusion, Xinling Wan has an obvious therapeutic effect in treating stable angina pectoris, with a good safety and a low incidence of adverse event and adverse reaction in experiment group.

The effect of red light irradiation therapy on postherpetic neuralgia and its effect on life quality of patients / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effect of red light irradiation therapy on postherpetic neuralgia and the improvement in the life quality of patients.Methods Ninety patients with postherpetic neuralgia diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2013 to August 2016 were randomly divided into red light irradiation group (n=45) and control group(n=45).The control group was given gabapentin 400 mg once daily for 14 days.On the basis of routine drug treatment, the red light irradiation group was treated with red light irradiation for 15-30 minutes, once daily for 10 days. The serum levels of interleukin(IL)-2,IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The intensity of pain was evaluated by VAS score,and the quality of life was assessed by DLQI. Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IL-10 between two groups.After treatment,the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in red light irradiation group than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the level of IL-6 was significantly lower in red light irradiation group than that of the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the VAS score between the two groups.After treatment,the VAS score was significantly lower in the red light irradiation group than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in DLQI scores between the two groups.After treatment,the DLQI scores were significantly lower in the red light irradiation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with red light irradiation can provide effective relief of pain and improve the life quality of patients.

Varieties textual research, resource investigation and identification of commercial drugs on Cuscutae Semen / 中国中药杂志

Through the textual research, resource investigation, literature reviews (including Flora of China, municipal Flora, pharmacopoeia of China and municipal drug standards) and identification of commercial drugs on Cuscutae Semen, it was found the species described in the herbal textual was Cuscuta chinensis, with good quality from Shandong and Henan Province. The identification of commodities showed the majority drugs were from C. australis, varied from the ancient herbal textuals .Mordern literature reviews indicate that it was necessary to strengthen the research on Cuscutae Semen from C. australis, C. chinensis and C. japonica because of their differences in resources, macroscopical and microscopical characters, while wrong descriptions in some literatures. It was suggested that the two species (C. australis and C. chinensis) should be separated in pharmacopoeia of China. The study provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of Cuscutae Semen.

Fabrication of Isoniazid/Rifampicin/Poly L-lactic Acid Donut-shaped Implants via Three Dimensional Printing Technique / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the possibility of manufacturing dual-drug loaded isoniazid/rifampicin/poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) implant with donut-shaped structure via three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and study the drug release characteristic and biocompatibility of the implant in vitro.Methods PLLA was crushed into particles with diameters around 75-100 μm.Isoniazid and rifampicin bulk drugs were dissolved into the organic dissolvent respectively to be the binding liquid.The 3D printing machine fabricated the donut-shaped implant via binding the PLLA powder layer by layer.Dynamic socking method was used to study the in vitro release characteristics,and cell culture experiment was used to test the cytocompatibility of the implant.Results PLLA slow-release implants were made by using the PLLA powder as matrix and isoniazid/rifampicin organic solvent as binding liquid through 3D printing.The drugs in the implants distributed in nest under electron microscope.The concentrations of both drugs were still higher than the lowest effective bacteriostasis concentration after release for 32 days.Cytotoxicity and direct contact tests indicated that the implants had rare cytotoxicity and favorable biocompatibility. Conclusion The donut-shaped implants can be successfully fabricated using the 3D printing method,which offers a new method for the manufacturing of topical slow-release anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Correlation of high-risk HPV 16/18 infections with prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To study the correlation of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) infections with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and their association with the clinicopathologic indexes of PCa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected tissue samples from 75 cases of PCa and 73 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We detected HPV16/18 infections in the samples by immunohistochemistry and PCR combined with reverse dot blot (RDB) assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemistry revealed 16 cases of HPV16/18 positive in the PCa (21.3%) and 7 cases in the BPH samples (9.5%), with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.049). PCR combined with RDB assay showed 17 cases of HPV16 infection (22.6%) and 13 cases of HPV18 infection (17.8%), including 4 cases of HPV16/18 positive, in the PCa group, remarkably higher than 6 cases of HPV16 infection (8.2%), 3 cases of HPV18 infection (4.1%) and no HPV16/18 positive in the BPH controls (P=0.001). No significant differences were observed between the result of immunohistochemistry and that of PCR combined with RDB assay (P=0.069). The risk of HPV16/18 infections was found to be correlated with the clinical T-stage and Gleason score of PCa (P<0.05 ) but not with the patient's age, PSA level or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High-risk HPV16/18 infections are correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.</p>

Histomorphological study on folk medicine Lysimachia fortunei / 中国中药杂志

To set standards for histomorphological studies on Lysimachia fortunei, an efficacious and widely applied folk medicine in this study, in order to develop its resources. Its species were identified by observing plant morphology and herbs appearance characters, preparing slices with routine methods and defining structural characters. According to the results of morphologic observation, leaves, stamen and pistil of this plant were different from the descriptions in Flora of China. The whole herb can be used in medicines, mainly including rhizomes, stems and leaves. According to the findings in the first study on microscopic structures, its rhizomes, stems and leaves were characteristic and worth identifying. The transaction tissue structures of rhizomes and stems were under developed and contained endodermis, secretory structures; Stems had sclerenchymata of different shapes of sclereids; Leaves were bifacial and had vascular bundles under midribs, which were surrounded by parenchymal sheathes. On the surface of leaves, stomata, glandular hairs and keratin lines were morphologically different in upper and lower epidermis. The herbal power had glandular hairs, sclereids and vessels. In conclusion, herbs of L. fortunei can be identified by the above histomorphological characteristics, which lays a foundation for further development and application of L. fortunei.

Pharmacognostical study on four origin plants of folk medicine Sikuaiwa / 中国中药杂志

In order to develop characteristic folk medicine resources in Jiangxi, a pharmacognostical study was systematically performed for four different origin plants of Sikuaiwa, the result of study provides the microscopic features of powder and tissue of the crude drug. The research provided reference for the identification of Sikuaiwa, as well as a theoretical basis for the further development and the formulation of quality standards.

Reliability of a novel Cobb protractor for measuring the Cobb angle of radiograph in scoliosis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce a novel Cobb protractor and assess its reliability and rapidity for measuring Cobb angle in scoliosis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The novel Cobb protractor had two endplate markers. A measurement was performed just to align the two markers to each endplate of the curve. The Cobb angle on the posteroanterior radiographs of 24 patients clinically diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was measured by three orthopedic surgeons with both standard Cobb method and the new technique, and the time of measurement was recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the reliability of the new method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time for a measurement with the new tool was approximately 10 seconds less than the time that used to finish a measurement with the standard method (P<0.05). The overall mean Cobb angle for the major curve of the 24 patients was 47.8°. The mean overall intraobserver and interobserver ICC was 0.971 and 0.971 for the Cobb method group, while the overall intraobserver ICC and the interobserver was 0.985 and 0.979 for the new tool group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The novel Cobb protractor could perform quick measurement and measure almost all forms of radiographs. The Cobb protractor might be an ideal instrument to measure the Cobb angle.</p>

Comparative research on histological and microscopical leaves characters of five species in Chloranthus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the origin and provide pharmacognostical evidences for the leaves of 5 species in Chloranthus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Histological observation and microscopic identification through different slice-making techniques were applied to the research.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were subtle differences between the histological characteristics. In microscopical identification, the different structures of vascular bundles in veins were observed, appendages and non-glandular hairs were distinct.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method can be used to distinguish the features of 5 species in Chloranthus. This article offers information for the further research and exploitation of Chloranthus.</p>

Advancement in stimuli-sensitive drug delivery system / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Stimuli-sensitive drug delivery system (SSDDS) is an novel drug delivery carrier.It is sensitive to either the internal physiopathologic changes (pH,temperature) of the body or external stimulus signal (ultrasound,magnetic signal) and controls the release of the drugs that it carries according to the variation of physicochemical property which stimulated by the signals.SSDDS can be prepared from hydrogels,liposomes and magnetic nanoparticles.In contrast to non-stimuli-responsive drug delivery system,SSDDS has remarkable advantages including feedback regulation,stronger controllability and targeting therapy.This paper will review the advancement in stimuli-responsive drug delivery system in recent years.